Stone columns refer to solid or hollow pillars for architectural decoration made of marble and granite. According to the different types of stone used, it can be divided into marble pillars and granite pillars. According to the shape of the column, it can be divided into Roman column, plum blossom column, twisted column, railing column, carved column, polygonal column, monochromatic column and multi-colored column. According to the cross-sectional size, it can be divided into equal-diameter columns with equal cross-sections, conical columns with unequal cross-sections, and drum-shaped columns. The difference from the arc plate is that the arc plate is only used to wrap the decorative column and is a part of the outer surface of the column; the stone column is a solid or hollow integral column or a spliced column.
1. Types of ordinary stone columns
2. Processing of ordinary stone colunms
1. Grinding and polishing of column
The grinding and polishing of the columns are generally carried out on a grinding head lathe equipped with pneumatic or hydraulic pressure. The abrasive used on the grinding head can be quickly replaced, the end face is in contact with the column, and the line grinding and polishing method is adopted.
Since the grinding force during grinding and polishing is much smaller than the cutting resistance during forming and cutting, when clamping and grinding the column, only the center hole can be used to support it at one end of the headstock.
According to the different materials of the stone to be ground, the gradation of the grinding and polishing materials is also different. For example, when processing granite, 5 kinds of abrasives with different thicknesses can be used.
Because the contour lines of railings, vases and other products fluctuate greatly, it is difficult to use the above-mentioned annular abrasives to grind and polish, so at present, simple grinding and polishing equipment for manually grinding special-shaped revolving bodies is still used to complete the polishing of railings and other products. .
2. end face trimming
3. Processing of ordinary cylindrical column foundation and column cap
After the polishing of the column is completed, the two end faces of the column can be cut with a diamond saw blade to make the length and size of the column meet the requirements of the finished product. It must be noted that the angle between the cut end face and its axis should be slightly less than 90 degrees so that the seam can be small and beautiful during installation.
3. Processing of ordinary column foundation and column cap
There are various shapes of column foundations and column caps for ordinary columns, Roman columns, twisted columns, and polygonal stone columns. Generally, the commonly used structural forms are rotary column foundations and column caps whose busbar is a combination of curves and straight-line segments. Some are column foundations and column caps composed of a square base, which can be processed by CNC or non-NC equipment such as ordinary lathes, CNC lathes, multi-functional CNC machining centers, ssw-type curved surfaces, and spherical surface processing machines. Ordinary rotary column foundations and column caps can be formed and processed by using a diamond saw blade tool, while column foundations with polygonal curved surfaces require a CNC lathe with a diamond saw blade and a cross beam that can move back and forth, or a saw blade powerhead and lathe accessories. multifunctional CNC machining center. For processing column foundation and column cap products, the processing technology program of column foundation and column cap can be easily compiled by using the graphic design and processing software installed by the numerical control equipment itself.
If the column cap is engraved on four sides, it must be processed by a multi-functional CNC machining center equipped with a 3D laser scanner, a lathe attachment, and a fixed column end mill powerhead. Because this type of column cap is already an engraved product, the entire processing process can be installed at one time. The clip is complete. It can also be processed by an ordinary CNC milling machine equipped with only one column end mill powerhead, but the milling machine must be equipped with a three-dimensional laser scanner, which can be used to manually flip the position of the column cap to achieve processing of different surfaces. If this CNC milling machine is equipped with the left and right 0-90 degree swing mechanism of the end mill, it can complete the processing of two surfaces in one clamping. Before processing the four-sided engraving column cap, the model of the column cap must be made for the laser scanner to scan. The software of the laser scanner can automatically generate the processing program for engraving the column cap, which is easy to operate.
The grinding and polishing of the column foundation and column cap of the rotary body with a smaller diameter can use the horizontal manual rotary body grinding and polishing equipment with abrasives on the lever. The grinding and polishing of the column foundation and column cap of the large-diameter rotary body can be carried out by a vertical grinding and polishing machine, and the manual grinding and polishing method of loading abrasives on the lever is also used. Using a manual grinding and polishing machine with a soft grinding plate, the polygonal surface column foundation can also be ground and polished by the manual grinding and polishing method, but it is generally impossible to grind and polish the column cap products carved on four sides.